There's a larger proportion of older males in the population now than there has been in most of history. Testosterone decreases as we age. The average is across _all_ males, even those outside of reproductive years. I assume if we controlled for outliers, that the results would be fairly comparable across time.
Per the article, they did at least try to control for age (it'd be a completely uninteresting result if they hadn't). The big concern is that they did _not_ control for obesity or diabetes.
Not sure why they waited so long. Seems like a simple thing to do to help erode Putin's power base.
> Saint Petersburg is a major trade gateway, serving as the financial and industrial centre of Russia ...
> The Great Port of Saint Petersburg has three large cargo terminals, in Petrodvorerts, Kronstadt, and Lomonosov.
> The federal subject's Gross Regional Product as of 2016 was 3.7 trillion Russian rubles (or around US$70 billion), ranked 2nd in Russia, after Moscow ...
> In 2015, St. Petersburg was ranked in 4th place economically amongst all federal subjects of the Russian Federation, surpassed only by Moscow, the Tyumen and Moscow Region.
I think the point is, birth control usage is dependent on education rather than how hard it is to get. And maybe it is easy to get in India, I have no idea.
Difficulty accessing birth control is greatly overstated by UN and other development agencies.
In surveys by far the dominant reasons for not using it are "my husband does not want me to" or "my family does not want me to". Those are included in "unable to access".
Traditionally, female years of education, child mortality, and GDP per capita (in order of importance) explain 85% of fertility, and the residual is not biased in either direction.
source: Lant Pritchett, long-time development economist.
Edit: I don't think anyone outside the Taliban seriously wants to reverse the trends in any of those 3 factors.
> Bad experiences with supervisors are common among early-career researchers and one of the leading reasons they leave academia, a survey of more than 2,600 researchers has found1.
Huh, I thought my experience was kind of rare.
I found out my supervisor had about a ~10th grade reading level in English. Needless to say, I wasted a few years on my program before I switched advisors. Finished in less than a month with someone with an appropriate level of reading skill. So disgusted, I left the industry.
The one glaring omission the jumps out to me is Holmström's theorem like effects of incentives.
There has been a huge shift towards metrics, to the point that managers are often forced to or at least commonly believe they are forced to game those metrics.
It is challenging to take strategic risks when you have to focus on metrics which cannot measure let alone value those choices.
You only needed to read the "first handful of sentences from the abstract" to dismiss an EIGHTY-TWO page paper? Can you share a sample sentence and what you don't like about it?
