You can run multiple interpreters, embedded in the same application, in separate threads: multiplexing, as you have multiple instances, as opposed to multithreading, where you have a single instance.
> It should give you a Lua environment that allows you to effortlessly run tens of thousands of Lua processes in parallel, leveraging the famed microprocesses implementation of the Erlang VM. The empty Luerl State footprint will be yet smaller than the C Lua State footprint.
It really speaks more to the runtime than the language. There's nothing fundamentally anti-parallel about lua, but even just concurrent GC is difficult to execute well. Look at how big of a deal Go's recent low latency claims are.