There have been machines with a separate return address stack in on-chip hardware. Forth CPUs were built that way, as was a National Semiconductor part used for running embedded BASIC. Running out of return point stack was a problem, since those 1980s machines were transistor-limited and came with small return stack sizes.
PICs are still popular and have hardware return stacks.
Modern high-end CPUs have hardware return stacks too, but only as a hint to the branch predictor of where a ret instruction will jump to (return stack buffer).
Separately... there are exploit mitigations that create a separate stack just for return addresses, making them impossible to reach through stack buffer overflows. For a recent implementation, see Clang's SafeStack:
There are serious limitations to this approach, though: there's a lot of important data on the stack other than return addresses, and overwriting it is often enough for an attacker to redirect control flow eventually, just more indirectly.
