Apples is a clear easily distinguished subset of fruits wish is useful to predict its taste, expiration date, gastric tolerance, etc.
There is many widely different definitions of what a mass-shooting is (about apples we don't); the article is using a definition from the motherjones website; their definition is strict but randomly chosen; like somebody claiming that only red apples are real apples and the other ones are not; with no data to support that this definition creates any useful subset that can or should be statistically analysed; the statistical sample is already biased by absolutist and arbitrary boolean conditionals which render null any conclusion extracted from its statistical analysis (e.g shooter killed 3 people instead of 4 and therefore is not a mass-shooter)
There is many widely different definitions of what a mass-shooting is (about apples we don't); the article is using a definition from the motherjones website; their definition is strict but randomly chosen; like somebody claiming that only red apples are real apples and the other ones are not; with no data to support that this definition creates any useful subset that can or should be statistically analysed; the statistical sample is already biased by absolutist and arbitrary boolean conditionals which render null any conclusion extracted from its statistical analysis (e.g shooter killed 3 people instead of 4 and therefore is not a mass-shooter)